कृषि पत्रिका Issue २७

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Krishi Patrika A Newsletter on Agricultural & Forestry Technologies, Farmers Rights and Analytical News

jif{M @ c°M # k"0ff{Í @& s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, df3 !–!% ut], (14 -28 Jan., 2009) d"NoM jflif{s ? @@%

kx]Fnk'/ ;'Gtnf, pTkfb\gf]k/fGt kljlwsf] vfFrf]
ahf/df cr]n ;'Gtnf kx]+nk'/ 5g\ . hf8f]df a;]/ ;'Gtnfsf] af]qmf 5f]8fP/ ;fyLefOx¿dfem a;]/ ulkmb}+ vfg'sf] dHhf a]Un} 5 . xfn b]zdf sl/a !* xhf/ x]S6/df ;'Gtnf v]tL ul/G5, h;df kmn lbg] pd]/sf la?jfx¿ sl/a !) xhf/ x]S6/df nufOPsf 5g\ . ;'Gtnfsf] jflif{s pTkfbg sl/a !! xhf/ 6g /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ;'Gtnf g]kfnsf] dWo kxf8L If]qsf ;a} lhNnfx¿df ;kmntfk"j{s nufpg ;lsg] ePtfklg o;sf] v]tL g]kfnsf dWo tyf k"lj{ kxf8sf lhNnfx¿ ljz]iftM tgx'F, :ofªhf, sf:sL, uf]vf{, sfe], wflbª, wgs'6f, kfFry/, kj{t cflb lhNnfx¿ a9Ldfqfdf ul/G5g\ .
ækm"n km'Ng] / altnf nfUg] a]nfdf cl;gf / v8]/L gk/]df v08df ;'Gtnf pTkfbg dgUu] x'g] ub{5, ut jif{sf] bfFhf]df o; jif{ ;'Gtnfsf] /fdf] pTkfbg ePsf] 5Æ eGg' x'G5 wflbªsf /fd sfsL{ . jonL, kf]v/fsf ;'Gtnf pTkfbs ljZjjGw' kf]v]n eGg' x'G5 æ;'Gtnf v]tLn] clxn] klg Jofj;flostf lng ;s]sf] 5}g . w]/} h;f] ls;fgx¿n] k/+k/fut ¿kdf ;'Gtnfsf] af]6nfO{ af/Lsf] l8ndf nufpg] u/]sf / u/fdf v]tL ul/gfn] ;'Gtnf pTkfbg tyf Joj:yfkgdf cfzfltt ;kmntf kfKt x'g g;s]sf] xf]Æ .
æcr]n ;'Gtnf au}+rfleq skmL nufpg] krng a9b} uPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ls;fgx¿n] ;'Gtnf tyf skmL b'j} pTkfbg lnP/ a9L nfeflGjt eO/x]sf 5g\Æ . ;'ud tyf oftfoftsf] /fdf] Joj:yf ePsf ufpFx¿df Jofkf/L cfkm} uO{ af]6dfg} ;'Gtnf vl/b ub{5g\ t/ b'u{d oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf gk'u]sf / yf]/} kl/df0fdf ;'Gtnf v]tL x'g] If]qx¿df ;'Gtnf ls;fgx¿n] plrt nfe lng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;'Gtnf Joj;fodf a9L gfkmf Jofkf/L ju{x¿df hfg] ePsf]n] ;''Gtnf pTkfbs s[ifsx¿ df/df k/]sf 5g\ . s[ifsn] kfpg] d"No / pkef]Stfn] vl/b ug]{ d"Nodf sl/a #))–$)) kltzt;Ddsf] leGgtf kfOPsf] 5 .
b'u{d e]usf ;'Gtnf pTkfbs ls;fgx¿nfO{ ;'ud oftfoftsf] Joj:yf, ;'Gtnf kzf]wg ug]{ kljlw, ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZos ;fdfuLx¿ tyf ;Lk pknAw u/fOg' kg]{, ;'Gtnfsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu pTkfbgf]k/fGtsf kljlwx¿ ckgfP/ xfnsf] cJojl:yt ;'Gtnf ahf/nfO{ lgof{td"ns agfpg] kg]{ ;'emfp ls;fg tyf lj1x¿sf] 5 . k

km]l/ s'v'/fdf a8{ˆn'sf] vt/f
s'v'/fdf a8{ˆn' km]l/ Psk6s g]kfnsf] b}nf];Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] klZrd aËfndf s'v'/fdf a8{ˆn' /f]u b]vf k/]kl5 ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] /f]u km}ngaf6 /f]Sg s'v'/fx¿ dfg{ nfu] kl5 g]kfnsf s'v'/fkfns klg lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L lgsfo ljz]iftM s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno / hg:jf:Yo dGqfnon] of] /f]u lelqg glbg ljz]if sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf] 5 . l5d]sL b]z ef/taf6 kIfL tyf kIfLhGo ;fdfuLx¿ dfkm{t o; /f]usf hLjf0f'x¿sf] /f]syfdsf nflu ljz]if ;ts{tfsf ;fy ;Ldf ;'/Iffbn, eG;f/, :yfgLo kzf;g, kz' ;]jf sfof{no, s'v'/f Joj;foL cflb lgsfox¿nfO{ kl/rfngdf NofPsf] 5 .
ef/t;Fusf] d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Ddsf] v'nf l;dfgf tyf clgolGqt rf]/L lgsf;Lk}7f/Ln] ubf{ /f]uL s'v'/f lelqg glbg] kof; Tolt kefjsf/L gx'g ;S5 . km]l/ of] /f]u, :yn dfu{ s'v'/f / s'v'/fhGo ;fdfuLx¿sf] ;+;u{ jfx]s a;fFO{ ;g]{ kIfL, cfsfz dfu{ cflbaf6 klg ;g]{ x'Fbf g]kfnleq a8{ˆn'sf] hLjf0f' k:g} g;Sg] u/L ;Defljt gfsfx¿ aGb ug'{ kfoM c;+ej g} 5 . a8{ˆˆn', ef/t nufot rLg / ljZjsf cGo ^% b]zx¿df b]vf kl/;s]sfn] g]kfnnfO{ nfdf] cjlw;Ddsf nflu ;'/lIft /fVg lgs} uf/f] x'G5 ;S5 . s'v'/faf6 of] /f]u dflg;df klg ;g{ ;Sg] ePsf] / xfn;Dd o; /f]usf sf/0f sl/a tLg ;o dflg;x¿sf] Hofg uO;s]sf]n] klZrdL d'n'sdf of] /f]un] cftÍ ;[[hgf u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf k"lj{ l;dfGt lhNnf ;v'jf;efdf @ xhf/ s'v'/f d/]sf] ;dfrf/ klg s]xL 5fkfx¿df cfPsf 5g\ . t/ d/]sf] sf/0f a8{ˆn' g} ePsf] kdfl0ft eg]+ eO;s]sf] 5}g . a8{ˆn'sf] qf; s'v'/f Joj;foLdf k/]tfklg pkef]Stf ju{x¿df o; dxfdf/Lsf] vf;} kefj klg k/]sf] 5}g . k
r]kfªx¿sf] cfo;f]]t aGb}5 df}/Lkfng Joj;fo
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cw{ljsl;t dflgg] r]kfª hfltn] ;d]t df}/LnfO{ cfw'lgs 3f/df kfngu/L dgUo cfDbfgL lng yfn]sf 5g\ . dsjfgk'/sf] ljs6 uflj; sfFs8fsf r]kfªx¿n] df}/Lkfngaf6 hLjg wfGb} cfPsf x'g\ . df}/Lkfngaf6 hgr]tgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf, sfFs8fsf] ;xof]udf sfFs8f uflj;sf &@ kl/jf/ r]kfªx¿n] ut tLg jif{b]lv Jofj;flos ¿kdf ;]/]gf hftsf df}/Lkfng tyf dx pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;n] klt b; 3f/ Ps lSjG6n dx pTkfbg ug{ ;S5 . kltlsnf] b'O{ ;o ?lkofFsf b/n] dx laqmL ubf{ l;hgdf Ps hgf s[ifsx¿n] %) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf dx laqmL ug]{ u/]sf] :yfgLoaf;L hª\uaxfb'/ r]kfªn] atfpFg' eof] . :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n] jflif{s ¿kdf tLg xhf/ lsnf]ufd;Dd dx pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] hgr]tgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ahf/ Joj:yfks lbg]z r]kfªn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf r]kfª eGg' x'G'5 ædflg;x¿ df}/Lkfng Joj;foaf6 ;xh tl/sfn] sfd ug{ / cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf qmdzM ;xsf/Ldf ;b:oklg ;ª\Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5Æ . df}/L s[ifs ;'jgnfn r]kfª atfpFg' x'G5 æut jif{b]lv lrtjgsf] gf/fo0fu9 nufotsf :yfgaf6 a9L dx lbg] d]lnkm]/f hftsf] ljsf;] df}/L sfFs8fdf lelqg yfn]sf] 5 . o;af6 s[ifsx¿ xlif{t ;d]t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ Æ.k
bfªdf a+u'/ kfng km:6fpFbf]
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bfª lhNnfdf xfn Jofj;flos ¿kdf ;'Fu'/kfng km:6fpFb} uPsf] 5 . ahf/df aFu'/sf] df;'sf] dfunfO{ Wofgdf /flv of] Jofj;fo ug{] s[ifssf] ;+Vof a9]sf] xf] . jiff{}+b]lv ;dfhdf JofKt a+u'/kfng Joj;fo blnt jf rf}w/L ju{sf dfG5]n] dfq ug'{ x'G5, afx'g tyf dflyNnf] hftsf dfG5]n] a+u'/ 5'g' x'Fb}g eGg] lrGtg tf]8]/ xfn o; Joj;fodf afx'g hfltx¿ ljz]if ¿kdf cfslz{t ePsf 5g\ . ;fgf] nufgLdf klg ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] / 5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} nfe lng ;lsg] x'Fbf of] Joj;fo nf]slko ag]sf] 5 eGg'x'G5 k[YjL Puf]e]6 ;]G6/ t'lN;k'/sf afj'/fd a/fn . To:t} a+u'/kfng k];fnfO{ hLjge/ c+ufNg] kltj4tf JoQm ub}{ t'lN;k'/ gu/kflnsf, aGs§fsf OGbdl0f eG8f/L eGg'x'G5 æsltkon] l5 Û afx'g eP/ blntn] kfNg] lrh klg kfNg] eG5g\Æ . e08f/L dfq xf]Og o;/L u}/ blnt x'Fbfx'Fb}klg a+u'/ Joj;fo ug{]x¿sf] ;+Vof sl/a b'O{ bh{g xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . h;n] ubf{ cfufdL lbgx¿df a+u'/sf] df;' lhNnfaflx/ lgsf;L u/L /fdf] cfDbfgL lng ;lsg] ;Defjgf k;:t /x]sf] 5 . bfªdf a+u'/kfngsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f ePs} sf/0f o;sf] ;DefJotf /fDff] /x]sf] 5 eGg'x'G5 lj=l6 Puf]e]6 ;]G6/sf lgd{n s'df/ cfrfo{ . cem of] Joj;fo s[ifsx¿dfem lgs} nf]slko x'g'sf] k5fl8 csf{] /f]rs sf/0f of] Joj;fo ;Fu} df5fkfng Joj;fonfO{ ;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf n}hfg ;lsG5 .
To;f] t of] Joj;fodf y'k} r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿ klg 5g\ . a+u'/kfngsf nflu agfOPsf vf]/x¿ Jojl:yt tyf ;kmf;'U3/ kfOPgg\ . udL{ ofd;Fu} a+u'/af6 ;g{;Sg] OG;]kmnfOl6;\ h:tf] dxfdf/L /f]usf] lgoGq0fsf nflu vf]/df hfnLsf] Joj:yf ug{] sfddf s;}sf] Wofg k'u]sf] kfOPg . cGttM o; Joj;fonfO{ cem a9L s[ifsx¿ lxtdf ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . k

s[lif÷jg, jftfj/0f;DaGwL n]v, /rgf k7fpg x'g\ cg'/f]w
· s[lif÷kz'kfng, jg÷jftfj/0f÷e";+/If0f cflb If]qdf ;ªnUg lj1x¿n] cfkm\gf] 1fg, ;Lk, cg'zGwfg tyf cg'ejdf cfwfl/t n]v, /rgf k7fpg x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f} .
· s[lif, kz', jg cflb If]qsf ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu, sfof{no, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL ;+3÷;+:yfx¿n] cfˆgf pNn]v kult, sfo{qmd, hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgfx¿ ksfzgfy{ k7fpg x'g xfdf] cg'/f]w 5 .
· s[lif, jg, h8La'6L, vfB kf]if0f, afujfgL b'Uw, dT:o cflb If]qdf ;ªnUg s[ifs, kz'kfns, s[lif Joj;foL, s[lif pBdL ju{sf pNn]Vo cg'ej, ;kmntfsf syf, s[lif sljtf, s[lif n]v, s[lif ;DaGwL ;'emfp÷u'gf;fx¿ tyf cGo s[ifsf]kof]uL ;Gb]z cflb xfdLnfO{ n]lv k7fpg' xf];\ -efiffsf] z'4tf tyf n]vgL xfdL ldnfpF5f}+_.
· o; klqsfsf] ufxs ag]/, lj1fkg lbP/, ;'emfp, ;Nnfx lbP/ klqsfnfO{ hLjGttf lbg d2t ug'{xf];\ . of] s[lif klqsf æls;fg hfu/0fÆ, s[ifssf] xslxtdf ;dlk{t lghLIf]qsf] klxnf] ksfzg xf] . xfdL ;a}sf] ;b\efj tyf ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb5f}+ .
– s[lif klqsf, kf]i6 aS; gDa/M !)@$%, sf7df8f}+, Email: krishipatrika@gmail.com


jif{M @ cÍM # s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, df3 !– !%_ k[i7 @ ufdL0f ÷s[lifcy{÷hLljsf
s[lif lrGtg ======
ca ls;fgx¿ klg cfGbf]lnt x'g\ yfn]sf 5g\< · æpv' ls;fgx¿åf/f b'O{ 306f oftfoft aGbÆ, æd'St sd}ofåf/f rSsf hfdÆ, æC0f ldgfxfsf] dfu ub}{ h'n'; kbz{gÆ, æpv' ls;fgsf] cfGbf]bg lkmtf{Æ, æ;'ne dn cfk"lQ{sf nflu ls;fgx¿åf/f sfof{no 3]/fpÆ, æwfgsf] efp tf]Sg kbz{gÆ, æpTkflbt wfgsf] plrt d"No gkfP kl5 ls;fg cfGbf]lntÆ ====. · ca ls;fgx¿ klg cfGbf]lnt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ls;fgx¿ cfkm\gf] xs, clwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs zf]if0f klt hfu?s aGb} uPsf 5g\ . s]xL ;do cl3 wgs'6fsf t/sf/L ls;fgx¿n] aGbsf lj?4 aGb cfof]hgf u/] . clg sfe]sf ls;fgx¿n] klg /f;folgs dn gkfP/ rSsf hfd ug'{ k¥of] . s]xL lbg cl3dfq ;nf{xLsf pv' s[ifsx¿n] plrt d"Nosfnflu /fhdfu{ cj?4 kf/] . clg xfn} wfg s[ifsx¿ wfgsf] plrt d"Nosf nflu alb{ofsf ls;fgx¿n] cfGbf]ng/t 5g\ . · o;/L slxn] b"w pTkfbs, slxn] s'v'/fkfns, st} lrof s[ifs ,sxLF t/sf/L s[ifsx¿ clg slxn] e"ldlxg ;'s'Fjf;Lx¿, st} sd}of / xnLx¿n] ;fgf] 7"nf] lj/f]w / cfGbf]ng ul//x]s} 5g\ . t/ klg ;dli6df ls;fgx¿sf] ;d:ofdf vf;} ;'gjfO{ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\, ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g\ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ . ls;fgx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs cj:yfdf vf;} ;'wf/ x'g\ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ . · s]xL jif{sf] cGt/fndf b]zdf 7"nf] P}ltxfl;s kl/jt{gx¿ ePsf 5g\ t/ /fhgLltdf dfq . ;dudf ls;fgx¿sf] cj:yf cem bogLo aGb} uPsf] 5, b]z cem hh{/ / sËfn aGb} uPsf] 5 . ls;fgx¿ ;bf em}+ zf]lift, kLl8t, ckx]lnt / ul/aLsf] df/df afFRg afWo ePsf 5g\, agfOPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ls;fgx¿sf ;d:of klt s'g} ;'gjfO{ ePsf] 5}g\ . ls;fgsf nflu, s[lif ljsf;sf nflu, s[lifdf cfTdlge{/tfsf nflu oy]:6 sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 5'§fOPsf] 5}g\ . · s[lif ljsf;sf nflu, ls;fgsf nflu sfof{nox¿ 5g\, ljefu 5g\, dGqfnox¿ klg 5g\ . st} lj1 5g\, sfd 5}g\, st} sfd 5 t/ ah]6 5}g . st} lj1 klg 5}gg\, ah]6 klg 5}g, sfd klg 5}g . clg s;/L ljsf; x'G5 s[lif / ls;fgx¿ sf] < · Oltxf; 5, ufdL0f ls;fgsf] ef]6 / ;dy{gdf ljwfos ag]sf g]tfx¿ ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 ls;fgnfO{, hgtfnfO{ la;{g] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf /fhgLltsdL{x¿n] slxn] klg ls;fgsf] cfly{s pGgltsf nflu vf;} s'g} 7f]; kxn u/]sf] Oltxf; 5}g . ls;fgx¿ s} kltlglw eP/ ;bgdf l5/]sf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 pgLx¿ s[ifs eGbf k[ys b]lvg yfN5g\÷ePsf 5g\ . r'gfp tfsfsf g]tfsf sf]bf] /f]Kg] ufnf ;bg l5/]kl5 :ofp h:tf] k'li6Psf clg ;f/ËL h:tf] k]6 æ g]7'Æ aGb} uPsf 5g\ . clg pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ ls;fg xf]Og hgtfsf] ;]js, s[ifs kltlglw jf s[lif pBdL eGg ¿rfpF5g\ . · cr]n k]ml/ ls;fgx¿nfO{ e'nfpg, yfdy'd kfg{ b'O{rf/ sÝf ;fj{hlgs jg, ;fdGtsf] ;DklQ sAhf u/L afF8g\ ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;kgf afFl8g yflnPsf] 5 . ls;fgLnfO{ b'O{ 5fssf] hf]xf] ug{ d} ;Lldt agfpg], :jfy{l;l4sf nflu cfˆgf] em08f af]sfpg] dfq kof; yflnPsf] 5 . ca, emn{Ë eO;s]sf] 5, ls;fgsf] sNof0f, ls;fgsf] lxt s'g} g]tf, s'g} /fhgLlts bn jf s'g} ;d"x ljz]ifaf6 x'g\;Sb}g\ . ls;fgsf] enfOsf nflu ls;fg cfkm} h'/d'/fpg' kb{5 , cfkm}+ hfUg' kb{5 ca ls;fg cfkm\gf] lxtsf nflu ;Ël7t x'g' kb{5 cfkm}+ . ca 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] 5, s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu v]tsf], hUufsf] ;Ldf tf]lsg' x'Gg . ls;fgnfO{ ls;fgLd} ;Lldt /fVg] rfn rflng' x'Gg . · o;} tYonfO{ a'em]/ g} a]nfa]nfdf ls;fgx¿ cfGbf]lnt x'g yfn]sf x'g\ . t/ ls;fgx¿sf] cfGbf]ng s'g} /fhgLlts bn ljz]ifsf] s[kfkfq ag]/ jf s'g} l;4fGt ljz]ifsf] lk5nUu' ag]/ jf 5ftf cf]9]/ xf]Og\ . ls;fgx¿ cfkm}+åf/f, ls;fgx¿s} ljz'4 xslxt / clwsf/sf nflu dfq x'g' kb{5 . xfdLn] b]lv;s]sf 5f}+, ha s'g}æ ls;fg cfGbf]ngÆ /fhgLlts bn ljz]ifsf] s[kf / cfb]zdf x'G5, To;n] s]xL ljz]if /fhLltsx¿nfO{ dfq ;Qfdf k'¥ofpFg d2t ub{5÷k'u]sf 5g\ . clg Psk6s ;Qfdf k'lu;s]kl5 pgLx¿ ToxL ;Qfdf l6sL/xg rfxfG5g\÷/x]sf 5g\ . / of] rfxgf ls;fgsf] cfly{s pGglt u/]/ xf]Og, ls;fgx¿nfO{ oyfl:tltdf /fv]/dfq k'/f x'g ;Sb5 . · To;}n] l56k'6 ¿kdf ;;fgf] cfGbf]ng u/]/ ls;fgx¿ cfˆgf] pTkL8gaf6 pGd'StL kfpg ;Sb}gg\ . ;a} v]tL ug]{ ls;fgx¿ rfx] tL wfg nufpg] xnL ls;fg x'g\ jf rf}+/L kfNg] uf]7fnf], rfx] tL lrof v]tL ug]{ x'g\ jf s]/f v]tL ;a} Ps} 5ftfd"lg ;Ël7t eP/ cfˆgf] xs, clwsf/ dfUg' kb{5 . ;a} ls;fg Psh'6 x'g' kb{5, clg ;a} ksf/sf zf]if0f / hldgbf/L kyfsf], sldzgvf]/ / g]tflu/Lsf] lj/f]w ul/g' kb{5 . cfˆgf] kl/>d / kl;gfsf] df]n clg cfkm"n] pTkfbg u/]sf] cGg k]6el/ vfg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrGttfsf] Uof/]G6L gx'g\Hofn cfGbf]ng /f]lsg' x'Gg . k


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– o1k;fb lu/L, ljZjk;fb d}gfnL, cfgGb/Tg :Yfflkt, ;'lgn cof{n, s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
e"ldsfM kfrLg ;dodf, Plzof dxfb]z ljZje/Ls} ;Eotfsf] s]Gbsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt lyof] . o; If]qsf kfrLg afl;Gbfx¿sf] cToGt ljsl;t cfo{ ;Eotfsf] hu d'Votof s[lifdf cfwfl/t lyof] . ljZjsf ljleGg efudf, o;} If]qaf6 1fgsf] k;f/ x'g] u/]sf] s'/f j}lbs zf:qx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf] tYo Oltxf;df c+lÍt 5 .
O;fk"j{ kfFrf} ztfAbLdf /rgf ul/Psf] af}Wb wdf{jnDjLx¿sf] kfnL uGysf] s"nefuf tyf dxfefufdf / O;fk"j{ t];f] ztfAbLsf] sf}l6Noåf/f /lrt cy{zf:qdf tfTsflng s[lif / jgsf] pkof]usf] j}1flgs / a'lWbdtfk"0f{ j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 . O;fsf] 5}7f+} ztfAbLsf] at;+lxtf / O;fsf] b;f}+ ztfAbLdf sZokåf/f /lrt s[lifz'StLdf s[lif jg e" tyf hnkjGwsf] ljifodf lj:tf/df pN]nv ul/Psf] e]l6G5 . lbuf] s[lif ljsf;, PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f tyf e";+/If0f cflb cfh ef]nLsf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbP/ Toltj]nf g} s[lif gLlt nfu' ul/Psf] kdf0fx¿ pQm uGyx¿df kfOg'n] xfdf] k'vf{x¿sf] s[lif gLltsf] b'/blz{tf / 1fgsf] ulx/fOnfO{ k:6 kfb{5 . t/ Plzofsf] jt{dfg t;la/ kfrLg ;dodf h:t} uf}/jzfnL /xg ;s]sf] 5}g . o; If]qsf] kf/Dkl/s 1fg tyfslyt kfZrfTo cfw'lgstfsf] kefjn] lj:tf/ lj:tf/ nf]k xF'b}hfg]af6]fdf cu;/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . s[lif If]qdf cfPsf] pGgt hft, /f;folgs dn, ljiffbLx¿sf] kof]u, Psn afnL v]tL kWblt cflbsf] af9Ln] o; If]qdf eO/x]sf] kf/Dkl/s 1fgsf] pkof]udf uDeL/ c;/ k/]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy ;fy} lbuf] pTkfbg, /f]u sL/fsf] zxgl;ntf / kof{j/0fLo If]qdf tyfslyt cfw'lgstfsf] s[lif If]qdf ePsf] xl/tqmfGtL h:tf kof]ux¿n] uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/x¿ klg b]vfPsf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df, g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qklg u+le/ ¿kn] kefljt 5 t/ cGo PlzofnL d'n'sx¿ eGbf s]xL sd . o;sf/0f g]kfnsf] ljs6 ef}uf]lns l:ytL / ;g\ !(%) eGbf klxn] /fhgLlts lx;fjn] ;+;f/ b]lvg} cnUu} /xg' klg Ps xf] . t/ ;g\ !(%) kl5sf bzsx¿df cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; lgof]ux¿sf] dfWodn] g]kfnsf ;'ud / dxTjk"0f{ s[lif If]qx¿ ljZjJofkL cfw'lgs s[lif kljlwn] uDeL/ ¿kn] kefljt b]lvG5g\ eg] b'u{d kxf8L If]qx¿ Ef}fuf]lns ljs6tf, oftfoft tyf ;~rf/sf] sl7gfOn] kf/Dkl/s s[lif kWblt ckgfpg jfWo ePsf 5g\ .
cfw'lgs s[lif kljlw / /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] kof]uM klZrdL d'n'sx¿df cf}Bf]lus qmflGt ;+u} s[lif If]qdf ePsf] d]lzgx¿sf] kof]u / /f;folgs dnsf] kof]usf ;fy;fy} afnL, a:t'efp / dflg;x¿nfO{ b'vM lbg] sL/f / cGo zq'hLj lgoGq0fsf nflu /f;folgs ljiffbLx¿sf] kof]usf] ;'?cft ul/of] . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf ;j{kyd ;g\ !*^% df k]/L;uLg, ;g\ !*(@ df ln8cfl;{g]6 / ;g\ !()& df SoflN;od cfl;{g]6 cflb ckfËfl/s kbfy{x¿ sL6gfzssf] ¿kdf kof]u ul/P . bf];f] ljZj o'4 kl5 klZrdL d'n'sx¿n] s[lif tyf :jf:Yo If]qdf /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] Jofks kof]u ug{ yfn] . ;g\ !(#( b]lv l8=l8=6L= sf] kof]u ;'? eof] . xfn;Dd ljleGg Snf]l/g o'Qm xfO8«f]sfj{g, cu]{gf]kmf]:km]6, sfjf{d]6 / cGo ;d"xsf sL6gfzs ljiffbLx¿sf] kof]u lbg klt lbg a9b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
;g\ !(^! df ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsL ka'Wb dlxnf /]rn sf;{gn] /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] dfgj :jf:Yodf kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] j}rfl/s cfGbf]ng ;'? u/]s} xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfndf cfw'lgs s[lif kljlwsf] gfddf xflgsf/s ljiffbLsf] kof]usf] yfngL eof] . s[lif k;f/ sfo{qmd, ;fd'bflos s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd, PsLs[t ufdL0f ljsf; sfo{qmd cflb ljleGg gfdn] ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿åf/f /f;folgs ljiffbLx¿sf] kof]unfO{ s[lif k;f/ ;]jf, s[lif cg';Gwfg k0ffnL / ;dudf /fi6«sf] s[lif ljsf;sf] gLltdf :yflkt u/fOof] . xfn cfP/ /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] gsf/fTds kefjnfO{ uDeL/tf k"j{s lnOPsf]n] g]kfnsf] b;f}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf / bL3{sfnLg s[lif ljsf; of]hgfdf dnvfb, pGgt aLpljhg / PsLs[t afnL ;+/If0f k4ltnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbOPsf] 5 .
/f;folgs ljiffbLsf] ljsNkx¿sf] kof]usf] ;DefjgfM a9\bf] hg;+Vofsf] rfkn] ;[lht vfBfGgsf] pRr dfu /x]sf] jt{dfg l:yltdf /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] kof]udf k"0f{¿kn] /f]s nufpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g t/ PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] cg';/0f u/]/ xflgsf/s /f;folgs kbfy{x¿sf] s[lif If]qdf eO/x]sf] cGwfw'Gw kof]usf] 7"nf] kl/df0f eg] cjZo 36fpg ;lsG5 . g]kfndf skf; v]tL, lrofv]tL, wfg v]tL / a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tLdf lgs} 7"nf] dfqfdf ljiffbLx¿sf] kof]u eO/x]sf] ePtfklg b'u{d If]q / cGo afnLx¿df ljiffbLsf] kof]u s]xL sd ul/G5g\ . To;sf/0f s[ifs ;d'bfodf ljiffbL kof]usf] dfgj :jf:Yodf gsf/fTds kefjsf] r]tgf hufpg] / ljiffbLsf] ljsNk tof/ kfg]{ sfd s[lifsld{x¿sf] r'gf}tLsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . x'g\ t ;g\ !(%) eGbf klxn] g]kfn ljiffbLsf] kof]uaf6 d'Qm lyof] / klg s[lif pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ klg lyof] . Tolt a]nf;Dd afnLsf /f]u sL/f lgoGq0fsf nflu k/Dk/fut tl/sfx¿ ckgfOGYof] . jftfj/0f t'ngfTds lx;fkn] ;Gt'lnt lyof] . ;g\ !(^) sf] k"j{fwlt/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf tfOr'ª h:tf s]xL pGgt hftsf tfOjfgL wfgx¿ leqfOPkl5 cfw'lgs s[lif kljlwn] g]kfndf kj]z kfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] ;fy;fy} /f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] kof]u klg ;/sf/sf] cu;/tfdf ;'? ul/of] . xfn ;Ddsf] ljiffbL kof]usf] l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] s[lif If]qdf ljiffbLsf] kof]u dfqfsf] lx;fkn] ;fnfvfnfdf sd u/]sf] b]lvPklg a]df};dL t/sf/L / skf; h:tf gub]afnLdf eg] lgs} a9L kof]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ljiffbLsf] kof]usf] dfqf eGbf klg o;sf] cgfjZos kof]u÷ b'?kof]u, unt kof]u / cToflws dfqfdf ePsf] kof]usf sf/0f jftfj/0f / dfgj tyf kz'kIfLx¿sf] :jf:Yodf a9\bf] qmddf gs/fTds kefj kl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn, ljiffbLo'St u'0fePsf jg:kltx¿sf] vfgLsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]n] tL jg:kltx¿sf] ljiffbL u'0fsf] ;j]{If0f / kdf0fLs/0fnfO{ cWoogsf] ljifo agfP/ cfKfm\gf] b]zsf] ;Dkbfsf] ;b'kof]un] :jb]z tyf ljb]znfO{ s[lifsf] kof]hgsf nflu ljiffbLsf] j}slNks kljlw lbg ;Sg] ;+efjgf b]lvG5 . ;fy} o; lbzf tkm{ sfd ug'{ kg]{ cfhsf] cfjZostf klg xf] .
PsLs[t sL/f Joj:yfkgdf s[ifssf] kf/Dkl/s 1fgsf] e"ldsfM g]kfndf sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] kof]u / cfw'lgs s[lif k¢ltsf] cg'z/0f ;g\ !(%) kl5 dfq} ePsf] kfOG5 eg] lnR5ljsfn b]lvg} g]kfnsf] s[lif pTkfbg Plzofd} pTs[i6 /lxcfPsf] g]kfnL Oltxf;df c+lÍt 5 . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] kf/Dkl/s g]kfnL s[lif k¢ltdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] pkof]uL x'g ;Sg] kljlwx¿sf] kz:t ;Defjgf 5 dfq} vf]hL / kdf0fLs/0fsf] cfjZostf 5 . Ps cWoog cg';f/ ;+;f/sf !)%# jg:kltx¿df sL6gfzs ljiffbLo'St u'0f ePsf]] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;dWo] #!! jg:kltx¿ dxTjk"0f{ / Jofj;flos ¿kdf pkofuL x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsf 5g\ . To;df klg cltg} dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf gLd, asfOgf], uf]bfj/L km"n h:tf ljZjsf $! j6f kd'v jg:kltx¿ dWo] @@ j6f sL6gfzs ljiffbLo'St u'0f ePsf jg:kltx¿df gLd, asfOgf], c;'/f], ;okqL, uf]bfj/L, af]emf], ;"lt{, wt'/f], ;LdfnL, cb"jf, jLif, dl/r, 8]/L;, s]:6/, abfd, cl8/, uGw]emf/, ;Ltfkmn, /fdkmn, ;l/kmf g]kfndf oy]i7 ¿kdf kfOg] / ;lhn} kfs[lts tj/n] pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] l:yltdf 5g\ .
xfn g]kfndf sL/f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu jg:kltx¿sf] kof]usf] ljifodf cg';Gwfgx¿ sd / l9nf] ultdf eO/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f o; ljifosf] cg';Gwfgsf] klg Jofks ;+efjgf b]lvG5 .
;f/f+z / ;'emfp M g]kfnsf] s[lif ljsf;sf] ;+be{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkgdf -cfO{=lk=Pd=_ g]kfnL e"ldsf] jg:klts ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] kz:t ;+efjgf 5, h:df xfdf] k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] 7fpFx¿ kofKt 5g\ . o; l:yltsf], b]z ljsf;sf nflu a'¢Ldtfk"0f{ pkof]u ug{, gLltlgdf{tfx¿n] k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] vf]hL ug]{, k/lge{/tf sd ug]{ / b]z tyf :yfg ;'xfpFbf] kljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbO{ kefjsf/L sfo{qmd Nofpg' kg]{ ;'emfp s[lif k];fdf ;+nUg /x]sf gftfn] xfdL ;a} ;DalGwt lgsfo / JolQmx¿ ;dIf /fVg rfxG5f}+ . k


jif{M @ cÍM # s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, df3 !– !%_ k[i7 # pGgt v]tL kljlw

sGg] Rofp v]tL kljlw
/df s+zfsf/, sf7df8f}
Rofp Ps 9";L hftsf] ;"Id hLjf0f' xf] . o;nfO{ c+u]hLdf km·; (Fungus) elgG5 . ks[ltdf cg]sf} hftsf Rofpx¿ kfOG5g\ . tL Rofpx¿ s'g} ljiffn' x'G5g\ t/ s'g} s'g} cltg} :jflbi6 x'G5g\ . h+unL Rofpx¿df s'g rf“xL Rofp vfg x'g] / s'g rf“xL vfg gx'g] vfnsf x'G5g\ .
cfhsf] ;+;f/df h+unL Rofp eGbf klg s[lqd t/Lsfn] Rofp pdf/]/ vfg] rng lgs} a9]sf] 5 . ;+;f/df sl/a %) khfltsf Rofpx¿sf] v]tL ul/G5 . g]kfndf != uf]a] Rofp (White button), @= sGo] Rofp (Oyster mushroom), #= d[u] Rofp (Shitake), $= k/fn] Rofp (Straw mushroom) nf]slko 5g\ .
ljleGg hftsf] Rofpx¿ pdfg{sf] nflu leGg tfkqmd / df};dsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . uf]a] / sGo] Rofp sf7df8f} pkTosf / dWo kxf8L e]udf /fdf];+u pdG5, eg] k/fn] Rofp t/fO{sf] udL{ df};ddf pdG5 . To:t} l;tfs] Rofp pRr kxf8L e]u / dWo kxf8df /fdf] ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sGo] Rofp t/fO{df klg hf8f] dlxgfdf /fdf] pTkfbg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L oL rf/ ksf/sf Rofpx¿ g]kfnsf] kxf8L / t/fO{ e]udf pdfg{ ;lsPsf] 5 / oL rf/} ksf/sf Rofp pTkfbg ug{ o;sf] kljlw / aLp g]kfnd} pknJw 5 .
Rofpsf] kf}li6stfM RofpnfO{ cem} klg s]xL ;d'bfo ljz]ifn] vfgfdf pRr:yfg lbOPsf] kfFOb}g . afx'gx¿n] t o;nfO{ vfg gx'g] vfgfdf /fv]sf 5g\ -o;sf] dVo sf/0fx¿ s]xL Rofp ljiffn' ePsfn] x'g ;S5_ . Rofp cToGt} :jflbi6 ePsf] x'“bf afx'gn] Rofp vfP kf] :jfb kfp“5 eGg] pvfg rNtLdf klg 5 . Rofpdf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ kf}li6stTjx¿ kfOG5g\ . Rofpdf d'Vo u/]/ kf]l6g, le6fldg / ljleGg ldg/N; -wft'_ x¿ kfOG5g\ . Rofpsf] kf]l6gdf klg ljleGg ksf/sf] Pldgf]Pl;8\;x¿ kfOG5g\ / ltgLx¿ xfdf] z/L/sf] nflu geOgx'g] tTj x'g\ . le6fldgdf P, aL, / ;L kz:t dfqfdf kfOG5 . To:t} vlgh kbfy{df SoflN;od, kmf]:kmf]/; cflb kfOG5 . To;}n] RofpnfO{ Ps kf]}li6s vfgfsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
sGo] Rofp v]tLM sGo] Rofp ;hf]/sfh' / cf]i6«f6; u/L b'O{ hftsf] sGo] Rofp kfOG5g\ / v]tL klg ul/G5 . sGo] Rofpsf] v]tL k/fndf ul/G5 . t/ k/fn afx]s ds}sf] vf]of, vf]:6f, sf7sf] w"nf] / 5\jfnLdf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu tfkqmd @)–#) l8uL ;]N;; / ;fk]lIft cfb{tf *) kltzt x'g' k5{ . ef}uf]lns b[li6sf]0fn] *))– !$)) ld6/ prfO{ ePsf] 7fp“df r}q dlxgfb]lv sflt{s dlxgf;Dd / ;f]eGbf sd prfO{ ePsf] :yfg h:t} t/fO{df sflt{sb]lv df3;Dd o;sf] v]tL ;kmn x'g]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf o;sf] v]tL kmfNu'0fb]lv sflt{s dlxgf;Dd ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ xfn hf8f]df klg pdg] hftsf] aLp kfOg] ePsf]n] hf8f]df klg o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 .
v]tL ug]{ t/LsfM sGo] Rofp v]tL ug{sf] nflu ;kmf / /fdf] s'Go" nufPsf] k/fn x'g' kb{5 . k/fndf xl/of]kg ePsf] v08df 9";L km}ng ufxf] kb{5 . cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] hlt /fdf] k/fn hf]lv;s]kl5 sl/a @–# OGr nfdf] 6'qmf kfg'{ k5{ . of] k/fn 6'qmf kfg{sf] nflu e':;f sf6\g] s}+rL - r'n];L_ kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . 6'qmf kf/]sf] k/fnnfO{ sd;]sd b'O{ 306f;Dd ;kmf kfgLdf lehfpg'k5{ cyf{t /fte/L lehfP klg x'G5 . lehfO;s]sf] k/fnnfO{ 7"nf] af6f jf ef“8f]df ;kmf kfgL /fvL /fdf];+u kvfNg' kb{5 . kvfNbf kvfNb} kfgL wldnf] eg] eg] km]l/ ;kmf kfgL km]g'{ kb{5 . o;/L kvfln;s]kl5 k/fnsf] kfgL ts{g lbg @–$ 306f /fVg' kb{5 . k/fnaf6 kfgL tsf{pgsf] nflu ! ld6/df sf7sf] k]md /fv]/ agfO{ Tof] hfnL eFO{Aff6 p7fO{ eFOdf g5'g] u/L /fVg' k5{ . To; dfly leh]sf] k/fn /fVbf kfgL rf“8} tls{G5 . kfgL tsf{O;s]sf] k/fnnfO{ xTs]nfdf Psd'¶L lnO{ lyr]/ x]bf{ olb kfgLsf yf]kfx¿ glg:sL vfnL xTs]nf dfq leHof] eg] To;df kfgLsf] dfqf 7Ls /x]5 elg osLg ug{ ;lsG5 . olb kfgLsf] yf]kfx¿ w]/} lg:s]sf] b]lvof] eg] To;nfO{ c? !–@ 306f kfgL tsf{pg /fVg' k5{ .
k/fn akmfpg]sf] nflu 8«d cyjf df6f]sf] kf]6f;L kof]u ug'{ kb{5 . 8«ddf tnkl§ ^ OGr;Dd kfgL /fvL To;df #–$ j6f O“§f 78\ofP/ /fVg] . clg To;sf] dfly hfnL cyjf Kjfn, Kjfn k/]sf] rSsf /fVg'k5{ . clg dfq k/fnn] 8«d eg'{kb{5 . 8«dsf] d'vdf Knfli6sn] /fdf];+u 5f]k]/ 8f]/Ln] af“Wg'k5{ . 8«dsf] dflyaf6 jfkm cfpg yfn] kl5 sd ;] sd cfwf 306f -#) ldg]6_ ;Dd k/fnnfO{ akmfpg' kb{5 . o;/L akmfp“bf k/fndf ePsf xflgsf/s sL/f / hLjf0f'x¿ gi6 x'G5g\ . akmfPsf] k/fnnfO{ lr;f] gx'“b} Knfli6ssf] wf]qmfdf jf 8«ddf g} /fv]/ lr;f] kfg{'kb{5 .
sGo] Rofp /f]Kgsf] nflu Knfli6ssf] !@Æx@^Æ cyjf !^Æ x@^Æ -OGr_ ;fOhsf] y}nf lng' k5{ . Rofpsf] aLp Knfli6ssf] y}nfdf /f]Kbf Ps tx k/fn, Ps tx aLp /fVb} xftn] a];/L lyRb} hfg' kb{5 jf aLp / k/fn ld;fP/ y}nf e/]sf] v08df klg /fd} x'G5 . y}nf el/;s]kl5 o;sf] d'v ;'tnLsf] wfuf]n] af“Wg' kb{5 . o;df $ cf}+nfsf] km/sdf Kjfn kfg{'kb{5 . ;fy} Kjfnx¿ k'/f vf]n]sf] x'g'kb{5 . csf{] t/Lsf, aLp /f]k]kl5 rSs'n] 7fp“ 7fp“df qm; cyjf 3;f{] u/L sf6g klg ;lsG5 . of] aLp /f]k]sf] kf]sfnfO{ c“Wof/f] sf]7fdf # xKtf;Dd /fVg' kb{5 . o; a]nf sf]7fsf] tfkqmd @@–@% l8uL ;]N;; x'g'k5{ . # xKtfleq Rofpsf] 9";L k/fndf km}lnP/ ;]tf] x'G5 . o;kl5 Knfli6s Roft]/ ;]tf] 8NnfnfO{ eFO{df jf ¥ofsdf /fVg'kb{5 . eFO{df /fVbf O“6f jf sf7sf] kmNofs tnlt/ /fvL Ps Ps ljQf km/s u/L nfOgdf /fVg'kb{5 . lbgsf] @–# k6s ;Dd dl;gf] kmf]x/f h:t} u/L ;kmf kfgL 8Nnf dfq leHg] u/L 5s{g'kb{5 kfgLsf] dfqf k/fnsf] 8Nnfdf eGbf 8Nnfsf] jl/kl/ a9L x'g'k5{ . o; ;dodf sf]7fsf] tfkqmd @)–#) l8uL ;]N;; x'g'k5{ .
;hf]/sfh' hftsf] sGo] Rofpdf kfgL lbPsf] 7Ls $–% lbgkl5 ;fgf ;fgf slgsf h:tf] Rofpx¿ b]vfk5{g\ . o;sf] #–$ lbgdf g} Rofp l6Kg] a]nf x'G5 . o;a]nf sf]7fdf xfjfsf] ;+rfng /fdf] x'g'k5{ / sf]7fsf] em\ofn 9f]sf vf]nL pHofnf] kfg{' kb{5 . o;/L Ps k6s Rofp l6k]kl5 csf{] &–!) lbg;Dd kfgL xfNb} ug{'k5{ . Tolt a]nf csf{] Rofp cfp“5 / bf];f] k6ssf] Rofp l6Kg] a]nf x'G5 . To:t} u/L csf{] !) lbg kl5 t];f] k6s Rofp l6Kg ;lsG5 . Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] # k6s;Dd dfq Rofp l6Kg' kmfObfhgs x'G5 . cf]i6«f6; hftsf] sGo] Rofp e'mKkf e'mKkf u/]/ Ps kl5 csf{] ub{} nuftf/ cfO/xG5g\ . Rofp cfpg] cjlw #% lbgb]lv () lbg;Dd x'g]5 . o;/L Rofp v]tL ubf{ Ps s]=hL= k/fnaf6 ;fnfvfnf %))–^)) ufd;Dd tfhf Rofp pTkfbg x'G5 . kljlw /fdf];+u ckgfPsf] v08df of] eGbf a9L pTkfbg x'G5 . slxn] sf“xL zt kltzt g} pTkfbg cfp“5 .
v]tL ubf{ cfOkg{] ;d:of / To;sf] ;dfwfgx¿ != Rofp v]tL ubf{ a]nf a]nfdf dl;gf] lem+uf, ;'n;'n], sfnf]sL/f cflb nfUg ;S5g\ . tL sL/fx¿ nfu]df g'efg cf}ifwL Ps ln6/ kfgLdf Ps b]lv cfwf ldlnln6/ /fv]/ 5s{g'kb{5 . t/ Rofp cfO/x]sf] a]nfdf eg] 5s{g' x'“b}g, 5s{]sf] v08df Rofp v'Dr]/ uO{ pTkfbg sd x'g]5 . @= Rofpsf] kf]sfdf slxn]sf“xL h+unL Rofp -sfnf] vfnsf]_ cfpg ;S5 . h+unL Rofp klxrfg u/L cfpgf ;fy} l6k]/ kmfNg'k5{ . #= s'g} s'g} k/fnsf] kf]sfdf ;]tf] 9";L gcfOg, sfnf], lgnf], xl/of] 9";L cfpg ;S5 . o:tf] cfPsf] kf]sf Toxf“af6 x6fO{ df6f]df ufl8 lbg'k5{ . $= sf]7fdf xfjfsf] ;+rfng /fdf] gePdf Rofpsf] 8f“7dfq nfdf] eP/ cfp“5 .
Rofpsf] kzf]wgM sGo] Rofp ;'sfP/ klg /fVg klg ;lsG5 . RofpnfO{ o;/L ;'sfP /fdf] x'G5 . != Rofp l6k]/ ;kmf wfuf]df dfnf uf“;]/ sf]7fleq ;'sfpg' k5{ . Rofp ;'sfp“bf sf]7fsf] klZrdkl§sf] em\ofn v'Nnf /fvL sf]7fdf /fdf] xfjf ;+rfng u/fpg' kb{5 . @= Rofp 3fddf ;'sfpg' x'“b}g lsgls 3fdn] Rofpsf] /+u / uGw x/fp“5 . t/ ;f]nf/ 8«fP/df ;'sfp“bf eg] /fdf] x'G5 . #= o;/L ;'sfPsf] Rofp v]tL tftf] kfgLdf !) ldg]6 lehfO{ /fVg'k5{ / To;kl5 dfq ksfpg'k5{ . Rofp kf}li6s klg x'g] / o;sf] v]tLaf6 nfutsf] cg'kftdf 8Aan d'gfkmf x'g] ePsf]n] of] cfocfh{gsf] /fdf] ljsNk ePsf] 5 . ->LdtL s]z/L nIdL dfgGw/sf] k':tsdf cfwfl/t_ k

;kmntfsf] syfM ========
;'Gtnfaf6 ;'g kmnfpg ;kmn s[ifs /fd k;fb cfrfo{ hNkf, kfNkfsf

kfNkf clxn] ;'Gtnf v]tLsf] nflu kVoft aGb} uPsf] 5 . t/ s]xL jif{cl3;Dd kfNkfdf gt ;'Gtnf nufpg] Tolt w]/} ls;fgx¿ g} lyP gt ;'Gtnf vl/b laqmL g} ul/GYof] . ;dfhdf kmnkm"n laqmL ug{ x'Gg eGg] dfGotf lyof] . af]6df kmnsf] kmn cfkm" klg vfg] / l5d]sLx¿df klg afF8g] rng lyof] . of] k/Dk/fut rngnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb} ;'GtnfnfO{ klg vl/b laqmL ug{ ;lsg] j:t' agfpg] JolStx¿ dWo] Ps x'g'x'G5 hNkfsf /fd k;fb cfrfo{ .
hNkf uf=lj=;= j8f g+= (, k'j{vf]nf jfF;6f/Ldf @)!* ;fndf lktf 8fF;L gf/fo0f cfrfo{ / dftf t'N;f cfrfo{sf] sf]vaf6 hGdg' ePsf /fd k;fb cfrfo{n] @)#$ ;fndf o; on ;L ;Dd cWoog ug'{ ePsf] xf] . pxfF ;'?sf lbgx¿ ;Demb} eGg' x'G5 æ @)#( ;fn b]lv @)$& ;fn;Dd gf} gf} jif{;Dd klg ksfz kfljdf c:yfO{ lzIfs g} eO sfd ubf{, :yfO{ x'g g;s] kl5 ufpFd} ls/fgf k;nsf] Jofkf/ ;'? u/]+sf] x'F hLljsfsf] hf]xf] ug{Æ .
;f]xL k;ndf ;'Gtnfsf] ofddf ;'Gtnf vl/b laqmL ug]{ sfo{ ;'? u/sf]] / ;'Gtnf klg Pp6f vl/b laqmL ug{ ;lsg] j:t' /x]5 eGg] 1fgsf] cg'ej u/]sf] s'/f cfrfo{ atfpg' x'G5 . @)$( ;fndf b]a]Gb /fh kf08]sf] cf/ o; l8=l;= eGg] u}=;=;= To; 7fpFdf cfO{ ;'Gtnf nufpg] k]/0ff lbg' ePkl5 klxnf] k6s lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{no dfkm{t #)) ;'Gtnfsf] la?jf kfKt eof] / /f]Kg] sfo{ u/] .
b}nfd'gLsf] /fdf] af/Ldf sf]bf] ds} g/f]kL vf8n vg]/ ;'Gtnfsf] la?jf /f]Kbf ;dfhn] TotL /fdf] gdfg]sf] eP klg la?jfnfO{ Hofb} :ofxf/ ;Dxf/ ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf ;'Gtnfsf] la?jfn] bf]sfg 5f8]/ 3/ af]nfPsf]n] x'Fbf ls/fgf k;n aGb u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' x'G5 cfrfo{ . ;'Gtnf v]tLsf] cg'ej gePsf] gf]nf] Joj:yfkg k0ffnL, tflndsf] cefj, ;/sf/L ;'ljwfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L sd, kfl/jfl/s cfosf] sdLn] ubf{ # jif{sf] ;do lg/f;fhgs / PSnf] epsf] cg'efj 5 cfrfo{sf] .
;'Gtnfsf] la?jf rf/ jif{sf] x'Fbf kmn lbg ;'? ePtf klg laqmL ug]{ / kmnkm"n lsg]/ vfg] ;fdflhs kl/kf6L gx'Fbf 3/sf] af/Ldf kmn]sf] ;'Gtnf laqmL ug{ w]/} ckm7\Øf/f] nfu]sf] s'/f pxfF atfpg' x'G5 . 8f]sf]df ;'Gtnf af]s]/ glhssf] ahf/ tfx'+ nu]/ hf]v]/ a]Rg' eg]sf] To;a]nfsf] Hofb} 7'nf] r'gf}tL ePsf] ePklg klxnf] k6s cfkm} ;'Gtnf af]s]/ ahf/ nu]/ a]Rg] ;fx; u/]sf] / ToxL ;fx; g} ;kmntfsf] klxnf] v'6\lsnf] ePsf] s'/f >L cfrfo{ atfpFg' x'G5 .
s]xL kfljlws sdhf]/Lsf] sf/0f ;'Gtnf au}Frf sdhf]/ e}/x]sf]n] @)%% ;fndf ;f/f j[tfGt lnO{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{fno, kfNkfdf ;Dks{ /fVg hfFbf tTsflng s[lif ljsf; clws[t jL/]Gb axfb'/ xdfn ;Fu e]6 eof] . nut} of]hgf clws[t xl/ xdf{ Gof}kfg]nfO{ lnO{ xdfnhLn] o; If]qsf] :yut ed0f ug'{ eof] / o; If]qnfO{ ;'Gtnf hft ks]6 If]qsf] ¿kdf sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ / hlt ;Sbf] ;xof]u ug]{ cfZjf;g lbg'eof] . To;kl5 ks]6 If]qn] kfpg' kg]{ ;'ljwf kfOPsf] xf] , cfrfo{ o;If]qdf ePsf] ;'Gtnfsf] ljsf;qmdaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} eGg' x'G5 . kl5, afnL ;+/If0f clws[t ydg axfb'/ sfsL{sf] ;fydf s[lif ljsf; clws[t cfO{ la?jf sfF+65fF6, dnhn, /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg cflbdf :ynut kfljlws hfgsf/L o; If]qsf s[ifsnfO{ lbg] sfd ePsf]n] ;'Gtnfsf] au}+rf lj:tf/ u/L yk %)) sndL la?jf /f]k0f u/]sf] x'F cfrfo{ atfpg' x'G5 . pxfF yKg' x'G5 æ:d0fL{o /xf];\ s[lifsf] xflsdn] o; If]q ed0f u/]sf] of] g} klxnf] lyof] / xfn ;Dd olxg} clGtd xf]Æ.
;'Gtnfsf] kmNu'g r}tdf a9Ldfu x'g], a9L /sd kg]{ / ;f] ;dodf ef/taf6 ahf/df ;'Gtnf cfpg] x'Fbf l;hgdf ;'Gtnf l6k]/ #–$ dlxgf hf]ufP/ /fVg] s'g} kljlwsf] vf]hL ubf{ @)%( ;fndf ;]nf/ :6f];{df ;'Gtnf !) klt;tsf] gf]S;fgLdf !@) lbg ;Dd ;fVg ;lsg] kljlw af/] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{noaf6 yfxf eof] / lh=s[=lj=sf=sf] kxndf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 ? #) xhf/ ;xof]u kfKt u/L ;]nf/ :6f];{ lgdf{0f u/L %) xhf/ ;'Gtnf /fVg] u/]sf] hfgsf/L cfrfo{ lbg' x'G5 . xfn &)) af]6n] kmn lbP klg /fdf] kmn %)) af]6n] lbPsf h;af6 ufpF3/, O{i6ldq, 5/l5d]sL, 3/vr{ , k9fO{ n]vfO{ s6fP/ klt jif{ au}rfaf6 # nfv gub cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] cfrfo{n] atfpg' eof] . w]/} psfnf] cf]/fnf] kf/ u/L ljleGg k];faf6 l/Qf]xft ePsf] lttf] oyfy{nfO{ ;Dembf xfnsf] w/jl/kl/ au}Frf, z""Go zlQm -;]nf/ :6f;{_ e08f/0f u[x, ;'Gb/ ;kmf /d0fLo jftfj/0f, / xfnsf] ;+tf]ifhgs cfly{s l:ytL jf:tjdf ;kg} xf]sL h:tf] nfUg] s'/f] km'lt{;fy cfrfo{n] t'?Gt} yKg' x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5 æs[lif Joj;foaf6 :jb]zd} kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf cfly{s pkfh{g u/L pGgtL ug{ ;lsg] s'/f b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ s[ifsnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ rfxfG5'Æ .




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k[i7e"ldM xfn zx/L If]qsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df a+u'/kfng km:6fO /x]sf] Joj;fo xf] . t/ xfn o; Joj;fosf] 7"nf] r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 a9\bf] pd]/sf a+u'/sf kf7fkf7Lsf] ;8]g 8]y lxd/]hLs jf]j]n l;G8«f]d (HBS) /f]u . kfoM h;f] zx/LIf]qnfO{ s]GbljGb' agfP/ kflnPsf a+u'/x¿ zx/L vfB pBf]usf] pkkbfy{x¿ -kfp/f]6L pTkfbg sf/vfgfsf pTkfbg, tf/] xf]6nsf efG5faf6 lg:s]sf /5\ofg cgL zx/L If]qsf kmf]x/d}nf y'kfl/Psf 7fpFaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf /5\ofg_ nfO{ g} kd'v bfgf cfxf/sf] ;f]tsf] ¿kdf pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; kl/j]zdf, x'lsPsf x]b}{ :j:Yo xnSs a9\bf] pd]/sf a+u'/ crfgs 9nL dbf{ a+u'/kfns lrlGtt x'g' :jefljs} xf] . cem :jfOg lkme/ vf]k, cGo vf]k a]n}df lbPsf] l:yltdf a+u'/nfO{ /fdf P06Ljfof]l6s cf}ifwL lbFbf klg crfgs aFu'/ dg{ g5f8bf o; Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;a} lrlGtt x'g' g} kg]{ x'G5 .
s] xf] t a+u'/sf] lxd/]hLs jf]j]n l;G8«f]d ? of] /f]u nfUbf $—^ dlxgf k'u]sf &)—!@) lsnf] zf/Ll/s tf}n ;d"xsf a+u'/x¿sf] crfgs d[To' x'G5 . a+u'/x¿ dg'{ eGbf klxn] la/fdL jf la;+rf]sf] s'g} ;+s]t ub}{gg\ . o:tf d/]sf kfoM ;a} a+u'/x¿ df]6f3f6f vfOnfUbf b]lvG5g\ . d/]sf a+u'/sf] zj lgZ5]bg kl5 dfq o:sf] lgbfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf a+u'/sf cfGbf ;'lGgPsf], cToflws /Qm>fj h:tf nIf0f e]l6Psf 5g\ cGoq lt/, xfdf] cfkm\gf] kl/k]Ifdf eQmk'/, sfF8f3f/L, afnfh' If]qsf a+u'/ dbf{ ul/Psf] cGj]if0f klg o; eGbf km/s kfOPsf] 5}g . of] /f]u udL{ / jiff{tsf] ;+ld>0f ePsf] df};ddf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . xfdf] cfkm\gf] kl/j]zdf >fj0f, efb lt/ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . cGoqsf] cg'ejdf OG6]/f] 6f]ls:g -h'g hLjf0f'af6 pTkflbt x'G5_ nfO{ sf/stTj dflgPsf] 5 . xfdf] cfkm\gf] cg'ej klg To:t} ldNbf] h'Nbf] 5, t/ yk eg]sf] ToxL 9';Lsf] kb'if0faf6 9'lifhGo ljiffQmLnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 .

/f]syfd÷pkrf/M a+u'/nfO{ v'jfpg] bfgfdf 6lS;g jfOG8/ al/06, 6s;Lsj{, 6lS;L/f]s, 6lS;Lr]s ld;fpg a];, cem hf]lvdsf a]nfdf 6S;f]n, 6S;f] lned h:tf emf]n 6lS;g jfOG8/ kfgLdf lbg' plrt x'G5 . NofS6f]nfOg h:tf cf}ifwL clg plrt Pl06jfof]l6s pkrf/ pko'Qm dflgG5 . a+u'/ kfNbf cln rgfvf] ;w}+ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kb{5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ksf]ksf] ljZjJofkL rrf{sf] a]n} of] gofF, gf}nf /f]u x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg plQs} 5 . st} hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljZjJofkL kefjsf] a]nf 7Dofpg g ;lsg] df};d kl/jt{gdf tL kfp/f]6L pBf]]u, tf/] xf]6nsf /5\ofg ljiffQm ePsf xf]Ogg\ < dl=" cUnf]">dsf] art ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ o; t/Lsfdf la?jfnfO{ emf/kftaf6 hf]ufpg ;Sg' kb{5 . cGoyf emf/n] la?jfnfO{ x's{g a9\g lbb}g\ .
g]kfndf kfoM Olkn Olknsf] v]tL kf]v/Lsf] l8n, v]tsf] sfGnf, af6f]sf] 5]p5fpdf nufP/ ul/G5 . pGgt tl/sfåf/f 3fF+;sf] ¿kdf v]tL ubf{ Olkn OlknnfO{ Ps Ps ld6/sf] km/sdf Ps la?jf b]lv csf]{ la?jf kTo]s !% ;]=ld=sf] km/sdf /f]lkG5 . o;/L /f]Kbf klt x]S6/ % xhf/ eGbf a9L la?jfx¿ /f]lkOG5g\ . aLp 5bf{ Ps x]S6/sf] nflu sl/a !) lsnf] aLpsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
la?jf /f]k]sf] %–^ dlxgfdf la?jfx? !–!=% ld6/ cUnf] x'G5g\ . o; cj:yfdf klxnf] k6s xl/of] :ofpnf sf6\g] nfos x'G5 . To; kl5 kTo]s dlxgf, 8]9 dlxgfsf] cjlwdf csf]{ k6s :ofpnf sf6\g ;lsG5 . Olkn Olknaf6 aif{df %–^ k6s;Dd xl/of] :ofpnf lng ;lsG5 . pGgt t/Lsfn] v]tL u/]df klt x]S6/ % 6g;Dd xl/of] 3fF;sf] pAhf lng ;lsg5 . OlknOlkn;+u cGo ;'vf 3fF; tyf k/fn ld;fP/ ufO{e}+;Lx¿nfO{ v'cfpg' kb{5 o;/L v'cfpFbf tLg efudf Ps efu Olkn Olkn 3f+; ld;fpg' /fdf] xf] .

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DORMANI TRADERS
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dxTjk"0f{ ax'kof]uL la?jf afF;
afF; Ps ax'jlif{o 3fF; khfltsf] la?jf xf] . afF;n] g]kfnL hghLjgdf dxTjk"0f{ :yfg lnPsf] 5 . hGdb]lv dbf{;Dd afF; rflxG5 . afF; wfld{s, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5g\ . afF;sf] kof]u lxGb'x¿sf] ljxfaf/L ubf{ hUu] agfpg tyf d[To' ePdf d'bf{nfO{ d;fg3f6 n}hfg xl/of] afF;sf] rflxG5, afF; 3/ lgdf{0f ug{, 8f]sf], 6f]s/L agfpg, kz'x¿sf nflu :ofpnf, v]taf/Lsf] af/aGb]h ug{, slnnf] afF; -tfdf_ sf] t/sf/L vfg, 6k/f agfpg] l;Gsf, bfFt sf]6Øfpg] 6'y lks tyf cGo kof]u ul/G5g\ . afF;sf] kof]u af/aGb]h, 3/ 5fpg, kz'cfxf/f, sfuh tyf 3/]n' pBf]u, t/sf/L vfg, e";+/If0f tyf cGo sfddf kof]u ul/G5 .
afF;sf] j}1flgs gfd af]DafS; -Bombax spp _ h; dWo] Bombax ceiba, Bombax bounopozense, Bombax insigne pcflb d'Vo 5g\ pi0f kb]zx¿df kfOG5g\ . afF;sf] af]6 sl/a #)– $) ld6/ cUnf] x'G5, / km]b tLg ld6/ ;Dd df]6f x'G5g\ .
g]kfnsf kfoM ;a} lhNnfx¿df afF;sf khfltx¿ kfOG5g\ . g]kfndf afF;sf] %# eGbf a9L khfltsf afF;x¿ kfOG5g\ . g]kfndf sl/a ^#,))) x]S6/df afF;n] 9fs]sf] cg'dfg 5 h;af6 #) nfv hlt afF; pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . 3/fo;L kof]u u/]/ klg a9L ePsf] sl/a kfFr nfv afF; l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf klg lgof{t x'g] cg'dfg 5 . To:t} sl/a !)@ 6g afF;sf] tfdf pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . g]kfndf sl/a !)) afF; pBf]u 5g\ / !%)) eGbf a9Ln] kToIf /f]huf/L kfO/x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
afF; kfs[lts cj:yfdf pknAw x'g'sf ;fy} afF;sf] v]tL klg ul/G5 . afF;nfO{ t/fO{ tyf dWokxf8L If]qdf ;kmntfk"j{s nufpg ;lsG5 . afF; 5fFofbf/ tyf t';f/f] kg]{ 7fpFdf nufpg' x'Gg . afF;sf] k;f/0f ljz]iftM o;sf] ufgf] -Rhizome_ ;f/]/ jf afF;sf] cfFVnf -Culm_sf] sndL u/]/ tyf aLp -Seed_ af6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 . ufgf] ;fbf{ la?jfs]f h/f;d]tsf] efu ;fg'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] 7"nf] If]qdf afF; ;fbf{ Tolt pko'Qm x'Gg . afF;sf] cfFVnf ;fbf{ x'ls{Psf] afF;af6 luvf{ -Nod_ dfq sf6]/ /f]Kg] ul/G5 . Pp6f jo:s afF;sf] af]6df jif{df sl/a kfFrj6f ufgf] nfUg] ub{5 . 8f cGgk"0ff{gGb bf;n] gkfnsf afF; lj1 dflgg' x'G5 . afF;df nfdf] cjlwsf] cGt/fndf km"n klg km"Ng] ub{5 . afF;sf] emfË km"n] kl5 la?jfx¿ sdhf]/ x'G5g\ / la?jf dg{ klg ;Sb5 .
afF; ljleGg ksf/sf x'G5g\ s_ tfdf aFf; -Dendrocalamus hamiltonii_ . g]kfndf kfOg] s]xL afF;sf khfltx¿df wg' afF; -Bombax balcooa_sf] kof]u af/aGb]h, 8f]sf] cflbdf x'G5 eg]+ s_ tfdf afF; -Bombax hamiltonii_ sf] kof]u ljz]iftM tfdf agfP/ vfg] ul/G5 . To:t} t? afF; -Bombax tulda_sf] kof]u 8fnf] cflb agfpgdf x'G5 . dfn afF; -Bombax nutans_ sf] kof]u lgdf{0f ;fdfuL agfpg, dflnËf] afF; -Bombax maling_ 8fnf], kmlg{r/ cflb agfpg kof]u x'G5 .
v_ sGt] afF; -Bombax arundinacea_ lgdf{0f ;fdfuL agfpg, sfnf] afF; -Denpanostachyam hookerii_ 8fnf] 8f]sf] agfpg, lgufnf] afF; -Drepanostachyam spp_ lgdf{0f, Dof6, 3fF; / nÝL cflb, 9'ªu] afF; -Denpanostachyam giganteus_ lgdf{0f ;fdfuL agfpg, lruf/ afF; -Thamnocalamus spp_ efn'n] ?rfP/ vfg] ub{5 tyf cGo afF;x¿ 5g\ .
afF;sf] emfªn] v]taf/Ldf 5fofF kfg]{, afF;sf] ´ØfFªdf d';f, ;k{, laR5L cflb hgfj/ a:g] /ftL rf]/ tyf ck/fwL n'Sg ;Sg] ;defjgf ePsf]n] dflg;x¿ 3/ 5]/df afF;sf] emfª /fVg rfxGg . csf]{, dflg;df a9bf] hUufsf] nf]en] afF;sf hËn dfl;b} uPsf 5g\ . afF;sf] cf}Bf}lusLs/0f u/L o;af6 6f6 / KnfO agfpg] sf/vfgf klg xfn aGbsf] l:yltdf /x]sf] 5 . afF; e";+/0fsf nflu klg clt pkof]uL la?jf ePsf]n] klx/f] lgoGq0fdf afF; dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . afF; hGdb]lv dbf{;Dd / afF;sf] kftb]lv h/f;Ddsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] x'Fbf afF;sf] v]tL / k;f/0fnfO{ cema9L Jofkstf lbg' kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . k



k"0f{¿kdf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx¿af6 kdfl0ft, tfhf, kfªufl/s, ;'/lIft / kfs[lts u'0faf6 el/k"0f{ kf]ifstTjx¿ h:t}– le6fldg, kf]l6g, ldg/N;, PGhfOd, Pldgf] Pl;8 cflb ePsf] Wo" s'df/Lsf] h'; ;]jg u/L kof{Kt :jf:Yonfe p7fpg' xf];\ .
· Uofli6«s, kfrg, tyf cfGbf;Fu;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx¿ - h:t}M Uofli6«s cN;/, k]6sf] hng, Pl;l86L, ckr slAhot cflb_
· 8fO{lal6h -dw'd]x tyf lrgL;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿_
· d'6';Fu ;DalGwt -/Qmrfk, sf]n:6«f]n, wdgL cflb_,
· hf]gL{;Fu ;DalGwt -afy, ufp6 cflb_,
· ls8\gL, lnj/, bd cflb;Fu ;DalGwt,
· 5fnf;Fu ;DalGwt, df]6fkg 36fpg,
· dlxnfsf] ;d:ofx¿ cflb,
· ;fy}, o; pTkfbgsf] laqmL, ljt/0f ug]{ cj;/ kfKt u/L kf6{ 6fOd of km'n6fOd cfo ug'{xf];\

Robeus International Pvt. Ltd.
Sinamangal Chowk, Kathmandu.
Tel: 01- 2230140, 01-2003129, 4461288
www. robeuscare.com
;Dks{ sfof{noM
rfjlxnM @$)#))%, w/fgM )@%–%#!%#!, n]6fËM )@!–^(#)*$, bds-emfkf_M )@#–%*#*(*, kf]v/fM )^!–^($*%(, gf/fo0fu9M )%^–%@!!^*, j'6jnM (&$&)!$!#), wgu9LM )(!–%@^%$$, lkmSsn rf}s Onfd




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g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf s[lif pTkfbgn] kd'v e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . b]zsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt, xfjfkfgL, hgtfsf] ;Lk, jg:kltsf] ljljwtf cflbn] g]kfndf s[lif ljsf;sf] kr'/ ;DefjgfnfO{ bzf{pF5 . g]kfnLsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g, ljkGgtfaf6 d'lQm kfpg s[lif k0ffnLnfO{ pTkfbgzLn, lbuf] / cfTdlge{/ agfpg' cTofjZos 5 . t/ s[lifnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{ qmddf xfdLn] afnL la?jfsf cfkm\gf hftx¿ u'dfpFb} uPsf 5f}+ / kfËfl/s dnsf] ;6\6fdf ljb]zL /f;folgs dnsf] cGwfw'Gb kof]u ug{ yfn]sf 5f}+ . kfËfl/s dn tyf /fdf] pAhgL lbg] afnL la?jfsf xfdf cfkm\gf hftx¿ x/fpFb} uPsf 5g\ . cfh b]zdf v]tLkftLsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ aLp, dn, ljiffbL / kljlwsf] ;Gt'lnt kof]u u/L s[lif k];fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] Ifdtf Psbd} sd ls;fgx¿;Fu dfq 5 . t/ yf]/ dfqf / t'?Gt glthf lbg] vfnsf /f;folgs dn h:t} o'l/of jf ljleGg sL6gfzsx¿ kfo ;a} s[ifsx¿n] kof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L Psflt/ xfdf] s[lif k0ffnL /f;folgs dn, ljiffbLx¿ / aLpx¿ dfly lge{/ x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ s[ifsx¿sf] qmo zlQmdf xf; x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] kmn:j¿k xfdf] s[lif k0ffnLsf] lbuf]kgdf 7"nf] kZg lrGx v8f ePsf] 5 .
o;} kl/k]Ifdf ljutdf l;s]sf kf7x¿nfO{ d"NofFsg u/]/ s[lif kåltnfO{ a9L pTkfbgzLn, cfTdlge{/ / lbuf] agfpg'sf] ;fy} s[lif kljlwaf6 jftfj/0f, dfgj :jf:Yo, df6f]df a:g] hLjf0f' / hLjx¿sf] :jf:Yo / df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQmdf klts"n c;/ kg{ glbg cfjZos ePsf] 5 . dlxnf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb -cf]/]s g]kfn_ åf/f oxL ;f]+raf6 lgb]{lzt eP/ lbuf] ;3g h}ljs v]tL k0ffnLnfO{ kjw{{g ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . pbok'/ lhNnfdf of] k0ffnL nfu' u/]sf] !) cf}+ jif{ eO;Sof] / o;sf] ;kmntf kZrft pQm k0ffnL bfª lhNnfsf % j6f uflj; -6l/ufpF, dfgk'/, p/x/L, >Lufp / x]s'nL_ df klg ev{/} nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
;3g h}ljs v]tL k0ffnL eg]sf] s] xf]<>t kfËfl/s v]tL k0ffnL xf] . o;n] ljZj vfB k0ffnLdf ax'/fli6«o lgudx¿sf] cflwkTosf] lj?4 tyf ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] kIfdf jsfnt ub{5 . %_ o; k0ffnLn] s[lif ;d'bfosf] n}lËs, hflto tyf cfly{s ljljwtfnfO{ ;dfg cfb/ ub}{ :yfgLo ;f]tx¿df pgLx¿sf] ;dfg kx'Frsf] kIfdf jsfnt u5{ .
;3g h}ljs v]tL k0ffnL cGtu{t ;~rfng ul/g] lqofsnfkx¿M s[ifs ;d"xsf] ;zlQms/0f / kl/rfng , @_ s[ifs ;d"xnfO{ kfljlws cfly{s ;xof]u, #_ gd'gf kbz{{gL kmd{sf] Joj:yfkg, $_ kljlw krf/ k;f/ .
o; k0ffnLsf] af/]df s[ifsx¿ dfem cjwf/0ffut :ki6tf Nofpg] p2]Zon] cf]/]s g]kfn zfvf sfof{no bfªn] ljlegg tflndx¿ klg kbfg ub{5 . tyf tflnddf l;s]sf kf7x¿nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ gd'gf kmd{ JoJ:yfkg tyf :yfkgf klg ub{5 . k




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· s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf ;;fgf aRrfx¿sf nflu Pp6f dfofn' jftfj/0fdf k9fOg] pQd ljBfnosf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5< · xfdL tkfO{x¿sf aRrfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ h:t} Ps cfbz{ ljBfyL{ agfpg] lhDdf lnG5f}, xfdL;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ / 9'Ss x'g'xf];\ . ufuL{ lzIff ;bg :s"n, u0f]zdfu{, rfjlxn, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g gDj/ @)&#^#( jif{M @ cÍM # s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, df3 !– !%_ k[i7 & cGt/f{li6«o s[lif÷jg ljZjdf t/sf/L pTkfbg / g]kfn t/sf/L -Vegetable_ eGgfn] af]6 la?jfsf] vfgx'g] efu eGg] a'lemG5 . jg:klthGo j:t' h;nfO{ g'g, lrgL jf cGo kbfy{ /fv]/ jf g/flvsg} dflg;x¿n] vfg] ub{5g] To:tf jg:kltnfO{ t/sf/L elgG5 . o:tf] t/sf/Lx¿df 9';LhGo Rofp, ‰ofp cflb klg kb{5g\ . la?jf cGo vfgx'g] efu jf vfOg] jg:klthGo ;a}j:t'nfO{ t/sf/L elgGg, h:t} kmnkm"n, cGg, bfgf, aLp, h/f, 8fF7 cflb . t/sf/L / kmndf s]xL ;dfgtf klg kfOG5 . vf;u/L g'g /fv]/ vfOg] j:t'nfO{ t/sf/L elgP tfklg km;L{ ckjfbsf] ¿kdf kb{5 . g'g /fv]/ km;L{ ksfPdf t/sf/L t/ kfs]sf] km;L{df lrgL /fvL jf pl;g]/ vfPdf ksjfg -Dessert_ kmn elgG5 . t/sf/Ldf ulgg] s]xL j:t' h:t} ufh/, d'nf, wlgofF sfFr} klg vfOG5g\ . kmn eGgfn] j+zj[l4sf nflu aLp ePsf] la?jfsf] df+;n efu xf] . o:tf w]/} aLpx¿ vfg of]Uo x'Ggg\ . t/sf/L jf kmn s]xL elg ;do ;dodf ljjfb klg p7g] u/]sf] 5 . ;g] !(*#df cd]l/sfsf] cbfntdf 6df6/ kmn xf] ls t/sf/L elg d'2f g} k/]sf] lyof] / cbfntn] o;nfO{ t/sf/L elg km};nf lbPsf] lyof] / t/ jf:tjdf jg:kltzf:qsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 x]g]{ xf] eg]+ 6df6/ kmn xf] . ljleGg jg:kltx¿sf] a]Unfa]Un} efu t/sf/Lsf] ¿kdf kof]u ul/G5 . h:t} kftM /fof], !_ kfn'Ëf], rd;'/ cflb , @_ km"nsf] sf]lknfM sfpnL, af]sfpnL cflb, #_ slnnf] cj:yfsf] 8fF7M s'l/nf], af;sf] tfdf cflb $_ ¿kfGtl/t sf08M t?n, lkF8fn', ;v/v08 cflb %_ h/fM d'nf, ufh/, ;nud cflb, ^_ kmnM vf];f{gL, 6df6/, e08f, /fdtf]l/of, l3/f}nf, km;L{, sfFqmf], s]/fp, a's'Nnf l;dL cflb &_ aLpM ds}, /fhdf cflb . t/sf/L d'Vo ef]hgsf] cËsf] ¿kdf kof]u ul/G5 . t/sf/Ldf kz:t dfqfdf kf]l6g, sfaf]{xfO8««]6, ˆof6, vlghtTj tyf le6fldgx¿ kfOG5g\ . kof]u ul/Psf t/sf/Lsf] cfwf/df logLx¿df kf}li6s kbfy{sf] dfqf km/s km/s x'G5 . w]/}h;f] t/sf/Lx¿df cf}ifwLo u'0f ;d]t x'G5 . t/sf/Lx¿ ljz]iftM xl/of] /Ësf x'G5g\ . t/sf/Ldf xl/of]kg logLx¿df ePsf] Snf]/f]lkmn -Chlorophyll_ ePsf] xf] . df6f]df ePsf] clDnotf -pH_ dfgsf] cfwf/df Snf]/f]lkmnsf] dfqf kefljt x'g] ub{5 . olb df6f] Hofb} clDno ePdf t/sf/Lx¿ lkmsf xl/of] /Ësf x'G5g\ / Iffl/o ePdf rxlsnf] xl/of] b]lvG5g\ . To:t} kmnkm"ndf kx]+nf] jf ;'Gtnf /Ë la?jfdf sf/6]gf]O8\ -Cartenoids_n] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . o;df klg tfk tyf kLordfgsf] kefjn] ubf{ /Ë kl/jt{g x'g] ub{5 . kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/Lx¿ /ftf] jf gLnf] /Ë To;df ePsf] PlGyf];fOlgG; -Anthocyanins_ n ubf{ ePsf] xf] . of] /Ë klg kLorsf] kefjdf kl/jt{g x'g] ub{5 . w]/} h;f] t/sf/Lx¿nfO{ nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsGg . ljz]iftM kft] t/sf/Lx¿nfO{ l6lk;s]kl5 cg's"n jftfj/0fdf klg nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsGg . af]6af6 l6k]kl5 logLx¿df ePsf] gdL jfliks/0f eP/ hfG5 / le6fldg ;L klg gi6 x'g] ub{5 To;}n] xl/of] t/sf/Lx¿ tfhf cj:yfdf g} kof]u ug{' kb{5 . h/fsf] ¿kdf vfg] t/sf/Lx¿ h:t} cfn', lkF8fn', n;'g, Kofh cflb nfO{ cg's'n jftfj/0fdf w]/} lbg;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsG5 . xfn ;d'bdf kfOg] ;d'bL emf/x¿ klg t/sf/Lsf] ¿kdf kof]u ul/G5g\ h:t} s/f]nf -Carola: Callophyllis variegata_, 8'N;] -Dulse: Palmaria palmata_, lxlhsL -Hijiki: Hijikia fusiformis_, ;Ln]6\Ø'; -Sea lettuce: Ulva lactuca_ cflb . g]kfndf kfoM ;a} s[ifsx¿n] yf]/ax't dfqfdf t/sf/L v]tL ul//x]sf 5g\ . cr]n t/sf/L v]tL Jofj;flos ¿kdf klg km:6fO /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf xfn sl/a @) nfv x]S6/df t/sf/L v]tL ul/G5 / @# nfv 6g t/sf/L pTkfbg x'G5 . Jofj;flos ¿kdf t/sf/L v]tL zx/ s]lGbt ufpFx¿ ljz]iftM eStk'/, sfe], wflbª, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, ;nf{xL cflbdf ul/G5 . t/sf/L clt kf]lifnf] tyf zlSt jw{s ePsf]n] lgoldt ¿kdf slDtdf lbgsf] Ps kfp -sl/a @%) ufd_ eGbf a9L t/sf/L vfg' kb{5 . t/sf/Lsf] lgoldt ;]jgn] An8 k;/, d'6'sf] /f]u lgoGq0fdf ;xfos, ljleGg ksf/sf SofG;/x¿ cfFvfsf ljleGg ksf/sf /f]ux¿, k]6;DaGwL ljleGg /f]ux¿ lgsf] kfg{ ;xfos xG5g\ . k


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cfufdL dlxgf -kmfu'gdf_ ul/g] s[lif sfo{M ==============
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!_ wfg v]tLM s_ kmfu'g dlxgfdf r}t] wfgsf] a]gf{ /fVg] o;sf nflu l56f] kfSg] / a9L pTkfbg lbg] hftx¿ l;=Pr=– $%, v'dn–#, r}t]–@, r}t]–$, ljGb]Zj/L, kfn'Ë–@ cflb x'g .
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u_ pRr kxf8L efudf wfgsf] aLp /fVg] ;do eof], t;y{, a9L pTkfbg lbg] vfnsf kfTn] nf]sn tyf 5f]d/f]Ë hftsf wfgx¿ ;dodf g} ;'/lIft u/L /fVg'xf];\ .
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#_ ds}v]tLM s_ dWo kxf8L If]qdf / tNnf] kxf8L efux¿df ds} nufpg] a]nf x'Fb}5, ds} leq sf]bf] nufpg' x'g] s[ifsx¿n] u0f]z– @ tyf dsfn'–@ hftsf ds}sf] aLp nufpg' a]; x'G5 .
$_ pv' v]tLM s_ pv' /fKg' ePsf] 5 eg]+ $%–^) lbg leq kxnf] k6s l;+rfO{ ug'{xf];\ .
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t/sf/L v]tLM s_ t/sf/L v]tL k5f}6] sfpnL l6Kg] a]nf eof] . v_ nx/] kl/jf/sf t/sf/Lx¿ / uf]ne]+8f, e06f, v';f{gL cflb t/sf/Lsf a]gf{ ;fg'{xf];\ . u_ udL{sf] df};d ePsf] x'Fbf t/sf/L af/Ldf $–% lbgsf] km/sdf l;FrfO{ ub}{ /xg'xf];\ .
cfn'M s_ pRr kxf8L If]qdf cfn' /f]Kg] ;do eof] .
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s_ s]/fsf] t/jf/ kft] ;s/ 5gf}6 u/L /f]Kg' xf];\, v_ ;'Gtnf, s]/f tyf cGo kmnkm"nsf] af]6df dn /fvL l;+rfO{ ug'{xf]; . u_ n]sfnL kmnkm"nx¿ :ofp, gf:kftL, cf?, cf?av8f cflbsf af]6df sfF65fF6 ug'{xf];\ . sfF65fF6 u/L ;s]kl5 af]6sf] km]baf6 !–@ xft 6f9f jl/kl/ Ps ljQf hlt ulx/f] s'n];f] vgL dn /fv]/ k'g'{xf];\ . 3_ cfFk, lnrL h:tf ;bfjxf/ kmnkm"nx¿df klg uf]8d]n u/L dnhn ug'{xf];\ . cfFkdf nfUg] dw'jf sL/f lgoGq0f ug{ yfof]8f ljiffbL @=% ld=ln= kfgLdf 3f]n]/ 5g'{xf];\ . ª_ cldnf] hftsf kmnkm"nx¿df Puf]ldg % ufd/ln6/ kfgLdf 3f]n]/ 5g'{xf];\ .
df}/L kfngM s_ t/fO{df df}/L uf]nf 5'6\Øfpg] a]nf eof] .
kz'kfngM s_ h}, a/l;d 3fF; sf6L o'l/of 5/]/ l;+rfO{ ug'{xf];\, v_ dWo kxf8L If]qdf ax'jlif{o hftsf] 3fF; -g]lko/, cld;f] cflb_ ;fg{'xf];\, u_kf]lifnf] jif]{ 3fF;sf nflu l6of];]lG6, h'g]nf], lbgfgfy 3fF; 5g{'xf];\ . 3_ kz'x¿df Eofu't], r/r/] / vf]/]t /f]usf] ksf]k lgoGq0fsf nflu vf]k nufpg'xf];\ tyf kz'x¿df gfDn] k/hLljsf] /f]syfdsf nflu cf}ifwL v'jfpg'xf];\ .

jg Joj:yfkgM s_ vo/, /ftf] lz/Lif, kmn]bf], as}gf], vf]6];Nnf, kftn] ;Nnfx¿sf] aLp ;Íng ug]{ a]nf eof], v_ l7Ë'/], tfln;kq, s6';, uf]a] ;Nnf, afFem, kmnfF6 cflbsf aLpnfO{ g;{/Ldf /fVg] a]nf eof] .


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d]/f] cfFugdf Pp6f gf:kftLsf] af]6 5 . z/b dlxgf hf8f]df ;a} kftx¿ em/]/ ha lsªl/ª x'G5g\ dnfO{ nfU5 of] la?jf ca w]/} lbg afFRb}g xf]nf< o; s7fªlug] lr;f]df ca of] la?jf afFRg} ;Sb}g, d5{ xf]nf, km]l/ kNxfpFg} ;Sb}g < t/ xf]Og, ha j;Gt cfpF5 km]l/ la?jfdf gofF kfn'jfx¿ 6';fFpg yfNb5g\ .
sf]lknfx¿ nfUb5g\ . ;]tf;]tf km"nx¿ km'Ng nfUb5g\ . df}/Lx¿, k'tnLx¿ km"ndf em'lDdg yfNb5g\, dg} kzGg x'G5 b]v]]/ .
x]bf{ x]b}{ ;'Gb/ km"n em/]/ ;;fgf lrlrnf aGb5g\, ;]tf slnnf lrlrnfx¿ slt sf]dn x'G5g\, slt ;'Gb/ / ;'sf]dn < km"n h:t} ;'Gb/ . t/ ha ha kmn a9b} hfG5g\, p;sf] /Ë kl/jt{g x'g yfNb5, w';f] w';f] g/fdf] b]lvG5 . To;df 6/f]{ kgf ylkG5, sf]Sofpg] slt gdL7f]< Tof] cfnf] slnnf] kmn s;}n] klg vfFb}gg\ . Tof] sfFrf] kmnnfO{ s;}n] dg k/fpFb}gg\ .
la:tf/ la:tf/} gf:kftLsf] kmn a9b} hfG5, 7"nf] xF'b} hfG5 . kmnsf] /Ëdf klg lgvf/ cfpg nfU5, / kmn l5lKkG5, kl/kSj x'G5 , To;df jf:gf cfpFg nfU5, ld7f; cfpFg nfU5 . kmn cfsif{s aGb5, ljleGg r/fr'?ËLx¿ km]l/ em'lDdg nfUb5g\ . dflg;n] :jfbdfg]/ vfG5g\ . kmnnfO{ cd[tsf] ¿kdf dfGb5g\ . eujfgdf ck{0f ub{5g\ . dnfO{ klg kmnkm"nsf la?jfx¿ dg kb{5g\ To;}n] 3/ j/k/ rf/}lt/ dnfO{ kmnkm"nsf la?jf /f]Kg dg nfU5 . nufPsf] 5'F klg .
hLjg klg t kmnsf] af]6 xf] Sof/ < t/, dflg;x¿ kfSb} hfFbf kmn hltSs} :jflbnf], u'0fsf/L x'g' kg]{df lsg cem 6/f]{ aGb} uPsf xf]nfg\ < -–/flz_



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· clg, Pp6f ;fgf] cg'/f]wM tkfO{x¿ h:tf ka'4 / ;x[b\oL kf7ssf] ;xof]udf of] klqsf l6Sg ;S5 . Pp6f ;fgf] /dssf] ;xof]u, dlxgfsf] ?= aL;, c;n sfo{df vlr{gfn] klqsfsf] lg/Gttfdf 7"nf] d2t k'Ub5 . cfh} ? @@% lt/]/ jflif{s ufxs aGg'xf];\ –s[lif klqsf



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